Module Information

They had no written history, not even a written language of their own, no dominant city-state to impose order and unity, no clear-cut boundaries. In the period c.700-400 BC Celtic tribes under the leadership of wealthy chieftains became the suppliers of raw materials in response to the demands of the classical world. Permanent defensive sites were found in Celtic lands and the rudiments of 'civilized' life took shape. Their skills and resources were many, horsemanship, mastery in carpentry and metalworking. Their ingenuity gave them some control over a harsh environment and allowed for impressive cultural developments. They traded with the cultivated Mediterranean cities, accumulated surplus wealth, built stronger fortress-towns and imposing tombs for their leaders. Towards c. 4000 BC this established order collapsed and large sections of the population dispersed, to collide fatally with Rome. By c. 200 BC the period of Migration was effectively at an end and Celtic Society readjusted to a more organised sedentary life-style - highly urbanised and enjoying a further brilliant flowering before being overrun by Rome. The course will examine this world of the ancient Celts in detail. Topics for consideration will include the problem of 'Celticisation', cultural change, society and economy. Students will gain an insight into the ways in which the discipline of archaeology contributes to the study of a proto-historical period. Special attention will be paid to the archaeology of the British Isles in the period 1000 BC - AD 43.