Aims
The aim of this module is to explore concepts, themes and issues introduced in Module IP33320 (Intelligence and National Security, in particular: espionage; counter-intelligence; and covert operations.

Brief description
Spying is an activity which can be traced back before biblical times. The activities of 'The Second Oldest Profession' provide a focus for exploring a range of issues in intelligence studies. This module examines the significance of espionage in the Cold War period through the analysis of case studies. Other aspects of espionage, including the nature of treachery and the problems of counter-intelligence (including 'molehunts') are explored. The end of the Cold War presents new challenges (and opportunities) to spies, intelligencers, and their organisations which the course seeks to evaluate.

Objectives
By the end of the module students should be able to:

• assess the role of espionage in the Cold War.
• understand the relationship between intelligence and counter-intelligence.
• possess insight into the nature of treachery.
• evaluate the implications of the end of the Cold War for intelligence and intelligence services.
• evaluate the efficacy and morality of `covert operations? in international politics

10 ECTS Credits