Module description
The processes of reproduction are fundamental to the continuation of animal production systems. Consequently, the manipulation of reproduction can contribute significantly to increasing the efficiency of production. Livestock improvement is generally within the
control of individual farmers and aids to selection and improvement are becoming rapidly more sophisticated. This module provides the underlying scientific information and practical skills required for efficient decision making. An introduction to the husbandry
and management of the pig is included, together with consideration of aspects of alternative animal species for use in livestock production.

Outcomes
Outcome 1

Explain the principles underlying the application of genetics to animal breeding.

Performance criteria:
a. Mendelian inheritance is explained.
b. Inheritance of quantitative traits is explained.

Ranges:
Mendelian inheritance: additivity, dominance, epistasis, pleiotropy, lethals.
Quantitative traits: genotype, environment, heritability, genetic correlation, inbreeding, heterosis.

Outcome 2

Describe national breeding schemes for domestic livestock and interpret and use
published results.

Performance criteria:
a. Required records appropriate to the selection objectives are identified.
b. Organisation of breeding schemes is described.
c. The use of results in selection of replacements and in planning individual matings is explained.

Ranges:
One of either dairy cattle, beef cattle, or sheep.

Outcome 3

Recognise the factors associated with reproductive efficiency in sheep.

Performance criteria:
a. Components of reproductive efficiency are identified and discussed.
b. The manipulation of reproduction in the ewe is described.
c. Evaluate the effect of season of lambing on the husbandry and economics of lamb production.

Ranges:
Reproductive efficiency in the ewe and/or ram.
One from the exogenous control of oestrus, ovulation rate and seasonality in the ewe.
Accelerated, early, mid-season or late lambing systems.

Outcome 4

The husbandry and management of the pig is described.

Performance criteria:
a. Production targets and performance measures are identified.
b. The nutritional and reproductive management of the pig is described.

Ranges:
Reproductive management of sow and gilt.
Lifetime nutritional strategies.
Management and husbandry of weaned and/or finishing pigs.