Yeast cells were disrupted using zirconium-silica beads (0.45-0.5 mm). Lysis buffer: 50 mM Tris/HCl pH7.5 1 mM EDTA 0.5 % Triton X-100 1 mM DTT 1 M NaCl 1 x Complete Mini, pH7 2.5 µg/ml pepstatin BREAKAGE OF THE CELL WALL: 1.Cell pellets were defrosted on ice (2 x 1 ml samples, equivalent to 50ml yeast culture expressing the protein of choice). 2.To each tube add zirconium-silica beads (0.45-0.5 mm) in a 1:1 (v/v) ratio to the cell pellet and 0.5 ml lysis buffer. The contents of the 2 tubes were combined in one 1-ml tube. 3.The tube contents were vigorously vortex-mixed for 30 s and cooled on ice for 30 s (repeated 10 times) to break open the cells to produce the cell lysate. 4.The lysate solution was left on ice and employed immediately for protein purification.