Please note: This is version 1.2 of DRAC and is currently under development.

DRAC — References

Full details of the DRAC calculator can be found in:

Durcan, J.A., King, G.E., Duller, G.A.T., 2015. DRAC: Dose rate and age calculator for trapped charge dating. Quaternary Geochronology, 28, 54-61.


The list below provides references for the datasets which can be used as part of the DRAC dose rate calculation.


Adamiec, G., Aitken, M.J., 1998. Dose-rate conversion factors: update. Ancient TL 16, 37-46.

Aitken, M.J., 1985. Thermoluminescence Dating. Academic Press, London.

Aitken, M.J., Xie, J., 1990. Moisture correction for annual gamma dose. Ancient TL 8, 6-9.

Bell, W.T., 1979. Attenuation factors for the absorbed radiation dose in quartz inclusions for thermoluminescence dating. Ancient TL 8, 1-12.

Bell, W.T., 1980. Alpha attenuation in Quartz grains for Thermoluminescence Dating. Ancient TL 12, 4-8.

Brennan, B.J., 2003. Beta doses to spherical grains. Radiation Measurements 37, 299-303.

Brennan, B.J., Lyons, R.G., Phillips, S.W., 1991. Attenuation of alpha particle track dose for spherical grains. International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 18, 249-253.

Guerin, G., Mercier, N., Adamiec, G., 2011. Dose-rate conversion factors: update. Ancient TL, 29, 5-8.

Guerin, G., Mercier, N., Nathan, R., Adamiec, G., Lefrais, Y., 2012. On the use of the infinite matrix assumption and associated concepts: A critical review. Radiation Measurements, 47, 778-785.

Kreutzer, S., Dietze, M., Burow, C., Fuchs, M.C., Schmidt, C., Fischer, M., Friedrich, J., Mercier, N., Smedley, R.K., Durcan, J.A., King, G., Fuchs, M., 2016. Luminescence: Comprehensive Luminescence Dating Data Analysis. R package version 0.6.0. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Luminescenc

Liritzis, I., Stamoulis, K., Papachristodoulou, C., Ioannides, K., 2013. A re-evaluation of radiation dose-rate conversion factors. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 13, 1-15.

Mejdahl, V., 1979. Thermoluminescence Dating: Beta-Dose Attenuation in Quartz Grains. Archaeometry 21, 61-72.

Mejdahl, V., 1987. Internal radioactivity in quartz and feldspar grains. Ancient TL 5, 10-17.

Prescott, J.R. and Hutton, J.T., 1994. Cosmic ray contributions to dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating: Large depths and long-term time variations. Radiation Measurements, 23, 497-500.

Prescott, J.R. and Stephan, L.G., 1982. The contribution of cosmic radiation to the environmental dose for thermoluminescence dating. PACT, 6, 17-25.

Readhead, M.L., 2002. Absorbed dose fraction for 87Rb beta particles. Ancient TL, 20, 25-29.