Gwyddor Cnydau a Bridio Planhigion - Cnydau Porthiant

 

Mae cnydau porthiant yn chwarae rhan hanfodol mewn amaethyddiaeth da byw, gan ddarparu bwyd anifeiliaid a chyfrannu at gynhyrchiant a chynaliadwyedd cyffredinol y diwydiant da byw. Mae gan IBERS hanes hir o ymchwil ar gnydau porthiant, gan wella nodweddion genetig ar gyfer gwell cynnyrch, ansawdd maethol, a gwytnwch amgylcheddol. Mae gwyddoniaeth IBERS yn sail i 47 o amrywogaethau ABER o laswellt a meillion ar y Rhestr Amrywogaethau Genedlaethol bresennol yn y Deyrnas Unedig, wedi’u masnacheiddio gan ein partner hirdymor Germinal Horizon Ltd. Trwy gydweithio rhyngddisgyblaethol a masnachol, nod IBERS yw hybu systemau cnwd porthiant cynaliadwy a gwydn i gefnogi amaethyddiaeth da byw a darparu’r wyddoniaeth angenrheidiol i helpu i fridio a masnacheiddio amrywogaethau newydd.

Nodau

Nodau Bridio

Mae’r nodau tymor hir o ran bridio sydd angen mewnbynnau o ymchwil sylfaenol yn cynnwys:

  • Ymgorffori bridio gyda chymorth genomeg i gyflymu enillion genetig.
  • Ymelwa ar ddata dilyniannu genom i ddeall nodweddion a chroesfridio uniongyrchol yn well
  • Defnyddio technoleg newydd (dronau, dysgu peiriant, deallusrwydd artiffisial) ar gyfer ffenoteipio yn y maes.
  • Targedau bridio ar gyfer ffermio digarbon a hinsawdd-gyfeillgar - dal a storio carbon, tyfu gwreiddiau, gwydnwch i’r newid yn yr hinsawdd, dyfalwch.
  • Gwella effeithlonrwydd y defnydd o faetholion i leihau mewnbynnau.
  • Bridio porthiant gyda nodweddion ansawdd gwell sy’n lleihau allyriadau nwyon tŷ gwydr.
  • Defnydd newydd o gnydau porthiant, codlysiau a cheirch fel echdynnu protein ar gyfer porfa monogastrig a diet yn seiliedig ar blanhigion.
  • Gwell gwydnwch i nodweddion ansawdd grawn (ceirch) i ateb y galw gan felinwyr a defnyddwyr.
  • Goddefgarwch a gwydnwch aml-straen i ddigwyddiadau tywydd niweidiol sydyn (sychder, dyfrlenwi).
  • Gwell effeithlonrwydd bridio (cywirdeb dethol) gan ddefnyddio ffenoteipio trwybwynt uchel.
  • Rhag-fridio i nodi alelau newydd a chynyddu amrywiaeth genetig.
  • Deall addasu – cydweddu ffenoleg â’r amgylchedd.
  • Datblygu meincnodau i ffermwyr a modelau tyfu cnydau.
  • Mynd i’r afael â’r bwlch cynhyrchedd amaethyddol drwy welliannau i gynnyrch cnwd a sefydlogrwydd cynnyrch.
  • Dulliau newydd o fridio planhigion (golygu genynau, bridio cyflym) a rheolaeth ailgyfuno

Prosiectau Presennol

Prosiectau Presennol

Core Strategic Programme in Resilient Crops BBSRC (2017-2022)  

BBS/E/W/0012843A http://www.resilientcrops.org

Oat domestication - understanding the origin of a European cereal

Cyllidwr: Y Cyngor Ymchwil Biotechnoleg a Gwyddorau Biolegol (BBSRC)

Rhif grant: BB/S008195/1 (2018-2021)

Genetic improvement of pea to replace soyabean in the diets of poultry and monogastric livestock (PeaGen) BBSRC Link BB/P017517 https://www.pgro.org/peagen-project/ (2017-22)

Food BioSystems Doctoral Training Partnership (DTP) (2019-2021) https://research.reading.ac.uk/foodbiosystems/

Oat Breeding (cyllid diwydiannol gan Senova)

Pulse Breeding (cyllid diwydiannol gan UK Pulses)

Nitrogen and sulphur fertiliser management for yield and quality in winter and spring oats (NoatS) AHDB 2018-2022

The influence of genotype, environment and management factors on yield development, grain filling and grain quality in oats (Cymrodoriaeth Walsh)

Understanding milling efficiency in oats: developing tools to improve grain quality (Cymrodoriaeth Walsh)

“Grazing tolerant red clover for future livestock farming”. CIEL Seed Funding (2020-2021). Germinal gyda IBERS (£50K)

“Red clover as a cash crop: Protein for monogastric farm animals and metabolites for human health (RC-Promo)”. WEFO SMARTExpertise 2020/82292 (2020-2022) IBERS, Germinal Holdings Ltd, Blue Sky Botanics – (£264K)

“Improved resistance of red clover to soil borne pathogens for sustainable livestock production”. WEFO SMARTExpertise 2017/COL/008 (2018-2021) IBERS, Germinal Holdings Ltd a Hybu Cig Cymru – (£250K)

“Maximising the value of commercial forage grass seed production”. Innovate UK/BBSRC 93314-562353/TS/R005133/1 (2017-2020) Germinal Holdings ac IBERS - Co-I (£207K)

“EUCLEG - Breeding forage and grain legumes to increase EU's and China's protein self-sufficiency”. EU Horizon 2020 (H2020-SFS-2016-2 727312-2). 38 partner (2017-2021) - (€5M) - http://www.eucleg.eu

“Genetics of crown rot resistance in red clover” KESS II PhD studentship (2017-2020) IBERS and Germinal Holdings –  (£52K) 

“Genomic selection for utilisation, seed production and animal health traits in white clover” (2017-2021) Teagasc Walsh Fellowship – (€145K)

Prosiectau a Gwblhawyd yn Ddiweddar

Prosiectau a Gwblhawyd yn Ddiweddar

BBBSRC-LINK, AHDB, Developing enhanced breeding methodologies for oats for human health and nutrition (InnovOat) 2014- 2019 Partneriaid diwydiant Senova a BOBMA http://www.innovoat.uk/

Optimising oat yield and quality to deliver sustainable production and economic impact (Opti-Oat) Innovate UK 2014-2018 https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM02749X%2F1

UKRI-NRC Prototyping Root System Architecture in Avena: Technologies for Environmental Sustainability and Food Security BB/S020926/1

“Novel strategies for genetic improvement of disease resistance in perennial ryegrass”. Innovate UK/BBSRC 47055-329315/ BB/M028267/1. (2015-2020) Germinal Holdings a IBERS (£730K)

“Comparative population genomics of red clover domestication and improvement” BBSRC-IPA BB/L023563/1 gyda TGAC a Germinal Holdings (2014-2017) (£741K)

“Genomics-assisted breeding for fatty acid content and composition in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) BBSRC LINK1 award (gyda Germinal Holdings a Hybu Cig Cymru) BB/K017160/1 (2013-2018) (£999,435)

GIANT-LINK: Genetic improvement of miscanthus as a sustainable feedstock for bioenergy in the UK (£6.4M)

MUST: Miscanthus upscaling technology (£1.8M)

Aelodau'r grŵp

Cyhoeddiadau

Cyhoeddiadau

Hansen, A, Gladala-Kostarz, A, Hindhaugh, R, Doonan, JH & Bosch, M 2025, 'Mechanical stimulation in plants: Molecular insights, morphological adaptations, and agricultural applications in monocots', BMC Biology, vol. 23, no. 1, 58. 10.1186/s12915-025-02157-3
Skøt, L, Nay, MM, Grieder, C, Frey, LA, Pégard, M, Öhlund, L, Amdahl, H, Radovic, J, Jaluvka, L, Palmé, A, Ruttink, T, Lloyd, D, Howarth, CJ & Kölliker, R 2024, 'Including marker x environment interactions improves genomic prediction in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)', Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 15, 1407609. 10.3389/fpls.2024.1407609
Muhandiram, NPK, Humphreys, MW, Fychan, R, Davies, JW, Sanderson, R & Marley, CL 2023, 'Designing agricultural grasses to help mitigate proteolysis during ensiling to optimize protein feed provisions for livestock', Food and Energy Security, vol. 12, no. 4, e475. 10.1002/fes3.475
Rohner, M, Manzanares, C, Yates, SA, Thorogood, D, Copetti, D, Lübberstedt, T, Asp, T & Studer, B 2023, 'Fine-mapping and comparative genomic analysis reveal the gene composition at the S and Z self-incompatibility loci in grasses', Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 40, no. 1, msac259. 10.1093/molbev/msac259, 10.5281/zenodo.7289792, 10.5281/zenodo.7015164, 10.5281/zenodo.7290695
Martínez-Fortún, J, Phillips, DW & Jones, HD 2022, 'Natural and artificial sources of genetic variation used in crop breeding: A baseline comparator for genome editing', Frontiers in Genome Editing, vol. 4, 937853. 10.3389/fgeed.2022.937853
Arpaia, S, Christiaens, O, Giddings, K, Jones, H, Mezzetti, B, Moronta-Barrios, F, Perry, JN, Sweet, JB, Taning, CNT, Smagghe, G & Dietz-Pfeilstetter, A 2020, 'Biosafety of GM Crop Plants Expressing dsRNA: Data Requirements and EU Regulatory Considerations', Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 11, 940. 10.3389/fpls.2020.00940
Taning, CNT, Arpaia, S, Christiaens, O, Dietz-Pfeilstetter, A, Jones, H, Mezzetti, B, Sabbadini, S, Hoen-Sorteberg, H-GO, Sweet, J, Ventura, V & Smagghe, G 2020, 'RNA-based biocontrol compounds: Current status and perspectives to reach the market', Pest Management Science, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 841-845. 10.1002/ps.5686
Mezzetti, B, Smagghe, G, Arpaia, S, Christiaens, O, Dietz-Pfeilstetter, A, Jones, H, Kostov, K, Sabbadini, S, Opsahl-Sorteberg, HG, Ventura, V, Taning, CNT & Sweet, J 2020, 'RNAi: What is its position in agriculture?', Journal of Pest Science, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 1125-1130. 10.1007/s10340-020-01238-2
Clifton-Brown, J, Harfouche, A, Casler, M, Jones, H, MacAlpine, WJ, Murphy-Bokern, D, Smart, L, Adler, A, Ashman, CR, Awty-Carroll, D, Bastien, C, Bopper, S, Botnari, V, Brancourt-Hulmel, M, Chen, Z, Clark, L, Cosentino, S, Dalton, S, Davey, C, Dolstra, O, Donnison, I, Flavell, R, Greef, JM, Hanley, S, Hastings, A, Hertzberg, M, Hsu, TW, Huang, L, Iurato, A, Jensen, E, Jin, X, Jørgensen, U, Kiesel, A, Kim, D-S, Liu, J, McCalmont, JP, McMahon, GG, Mos, M, Robson, P, Sacks, EJ, Sandu, A, Scalici, G, Schwarz, K, Scordia, D, Shafiei, R, Shield, IF, Slavov, G, Stanton, B, Swaminathan, K, Taylor, G, Torres, AF, Trindade, LM, Tschaplinski, T, Tuskan, J, Yamada, T, Yu, CY, Zalesny, R-F, Zong, J & Lewandowski, I 2019, 'Breeding progress and preparedness for mass‐scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar', GCB Bioenergy, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 118-151. 10.1111/gcbb.12566, 10.1111/gcbb.12566
Jones, H 2019, 'Continuing the dialogue on organic and GMOs' A Bigger Conversation. <https://abiggerconversation.org/continuing-the-dialogue-on-organic-and-gmos/>

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Straeon Effaith - Cnydau Porthiant

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Mathau Meillion Parhaus
 

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